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Psychoanalytic infant observation is a distinctive experiential approach to training that was developed at the Tavistock Clinic.〔http://www.tavistockandportman.nhs.uk/〕 in London by Child Psychoanalyst Esther Bick.〔Waddell, Margot. (2013). ‘Infant observation in Britain: a Tavistock approach’. Infant Observation: International Journal of Infant Observation and Its Applications, 16(1), pp. 4-22. DOI: 10.1080/13698036.2013.765659〕 In 1948 she collaborated with Dr John Bowlby to develop the approach to training psychotherapy students in conducting an infant observation. It has since become an essential feature of pre-clinical training in child and adult psychotherapy, psychoanalysis and related fields〔Sternberg, Janine. (2005). Infant Observation at the Heart of Training. London: Karnac.〕 throughout the world.〔Infant Observation: International Journal of Infant Observation and Its Applications. http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=riob20〕 The practice of psychoanalytic infant observation usually involves a weekly observation over a two year period of an infant from soon after birth and until their second birthday. This naturalistic form of enquiry provides a unique opportunity to enrich and extend observation skills.〔Reid, Susan (Ed.) (1997) Developments in Infant Observation: The Tavistock Model. Hove: Routledge〕 Students learn at first-hand how a relationship begins between babies and their families and enables them think about how babies grow physically, mentally and emotionally. This experience of observing ordinary family life is valuable for professionals who work with difficult, complex and disturbing presentations.〔Sternberg, Janine (2005). Infant Observation at the Heart of Training. London: Karnac.〕 == Early Development == Psychoanalytic Infant Observation is a distinctive approach that was the inspired initiative of Esther Bick.〔http://www.melanie-klein-trust.org.uk/bick〕 As a Child Psychoanalyst she pioneered a particular technique of studying babies in the ordinary life of their family environment. In 1948, she began teaching at the Tavistock Clinic and in collaboration with Dr John Bowlby she initiated the method of psychotherapy trainees conducting an infant observation. This involved visiting a family to observe their infant from birth to two years. These weekly observations in the natural environment of the baby’s home offered a very vivid learning experience of development. The observers came to appreciate the mutual influence of the developing relationship between mother and baby, and father and siblings. Importantly, the observer also considered how the feelings aroused in them during the observation and how their presence influenced events.〔Rustin, Margaret. (2009) 'Esther Bick's legacy of infant observation at the Tavistock – some reflections 60 years on', Infant Observation, 12(1), p. 32;〕 Esther Bick’s 1964 paper ‘Notes on infant observation in psycho-analytic training’〔Bick, Esther. (1964) ‘Notes on infant observation in psycho-analytic training’. Reprinted in Collected Papers of Martha Harris and Esther Bick. Clunie Press, 1987.〕 set out the model of infant observation and her view of how much can be learned from it — how to observe, the nature of early infantile anxiety, especially the baby’s fear of ‘falling to bits’, the impact of maternal anxiety and postnatal depression, and the significance of good observational capacities for future child analysts. She emphasized the gathering of data over time, the need to wait for meaning to emerge, and the observer’s responsibility to respect their role as learner and to behave with tact and reliability. Bick’s ideas took shape at the same time as Wilfred Bion’s work on ‘A theory of thinking’,〔Bion, Wilfred R. (1962). A theory of thinking, International Journal of Psycho-Analysis, vol. 43: Reprinted in Second Thoughts (1967).〕 and these two explorations of the emotional and cognitive dimensions of the early mother-child relationship are profoundly complementary. Both build on the work of Melanie Klein and her pioneering analysis of children. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Psychoanalytic infant observation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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